Mechanistically, XPO1 inhibition has been shown to repolarize macrophages from an M2-like pro-tumor phenotype to an M1-like anti-tumor phenotype, reduce inhibitory checkpoint expression on myeloid cells, and convert MDSCs into immunostimulatory phenotypes, collectively enhancing T cell and NK cell cytotoxicity [49,50]. This evidence concerns the gene XPO1 and neoplasm.