CGAS and systemic lupus erythematosus: Zhang et al. reported that in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients’ monocytes, lactate promotes lactylation of cGAS, inhibiting its interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase MARCHF5, blocking cGAS degradation and resulting in persistent type I interferon (IFN-1) production that drives disease progression [56].