Beyond secreting soluble factors, CAFs actively remodel the tumor immune microenvironment through exosome-mediated delivery of PD-L1, TGF-β, IL-6, CXCL12, and matrix metalloproteinases, directly impairing CD8+ T-cell function and promoting Treg cell and MDSC recruitment. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.