ICOSLG and cancer: Selective positive correlations between hub genes (from both up- and downregulated subsets) and certain IRGs, including chemokines (CCL1, CCL4, CCL5, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL8–11) and immune stimulators (TNFSF9, ULBP1, CD70, CD80, ICOS, ICOSLG, IL2RA, LTA, PVR), were observed in specific cancers such as BRCA, LUAD, and COAD, suggesting context-dependent associations with immune regulation [126].