PPARG and urinary bladder carcinoma: Abnormalities in the PPARG signaling pathway exhibit remarkable subtype-specific characteristics in bladder cancer: luminal tumors highly express markers such as PPARG, FOXA1, and KRT20, are often classified as NMIBC, yet demonstrate high recurrence rates; whereas basal/squamous (BASQ) subtypes show low PPARG expression, are typically MIBC, and progress rapidly (28, 29).