CCL5 and neoplasm: Following ICB, the state of CD8+ T cells, both within and outside the TME, possesses a differential capacity to respond, mobilize and seed effective antitumor immune responses at these sites (39), In addition, there is proliferation and activation of Treg cells within the tumor, as well as tumor-draining lymph nodes and its circulation (40) along with an increased number of anti-inflammatory macrophages which can then induce an increase in CCL5 (41).