With robust evidence from preclinical and clinical studies: Three such examples include: 1) Ex vivo restimulation with anti-PD-1 was found to restore the proliferation and cytokine production of CD39+CD8+ TRM cells derived from triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (43), 2) In vivo anti-PD-L1 treatment markedly boosted cytokine secretion by gastric cancer-derived CD8+TRM cells (44), 3) Dual checkpoint blockade (anti-PD-1/CTLA-4) strengthened the expansion and cytotoxic potential of CD8+TRM-like cells (45). This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and gastric cancer.