The potential mechanisms for the enhanced infiltration of TRM cells may be that ICB treatment increases the secretion of CXCL9/CXCL10 by tumor cells, which binds to CXCR3 on the surface of CD8+TRM cells to recruit and promote their infiltration into the TC region; alternatively, ICB treatment induces TAMs to secrete IL-12, which promotes the differentiation of CD8+T cells into TRM cells and enhances their infiltration ability (51, 52). Here, CXCL10 is linked to neoplasm.