Therapeutic strategies targeting Liver-CSC-specific markers (e.g., CD133, EpCAM, CD90) represents a strategic approach against HCC, utilizing diverse modalities including monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells, bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), dendritic cell vaccines, peptides, and oncolytic viruses (Figure 5). This evidence concerns the gene EPCAM and hepatocellular carcinoma.