Previous attempts to predict ICIs benefit in bladder cancer have predominantly relied on single-modality biomarkers, including PD-L1 CPS ≥ 10 (as defined in IMvigor210) (9), and TMB ≥ 10 mut/Mb (as used in CheckMate-275) (8), to predict durable clinical benefit beyond six months. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and urinary bladder cancer.