TNF and Epstein-Barr virus infection: By examining the functions of these genes in Treg cells, we found that they are involved in multiple biological processes and pathways, including apoptosis, EBV infection, the TNF signaling pathway, and the IL-17 signaling pathway, as well as the negative regulation of protein phosphorylation, regulation of hematopoiesis, and modulation of the adaptive immune response, highlighting the immunoregulatory role of Treg cells (Figures 5I, J).