This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on the context-dependent roles of the cGAS-STING pathway across liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcoholic liver disease (ALD), viral hepatitis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), drug-induced liver injury (DILI), hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI), and parasitic infections. The gene discussed is STING1; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.