PTH and atherosclerosis: PTX restores calcium and parathyroid hormone homeostasis, thereby mitigating the factors that contribute to renal injury: hypercalcemia-induced hypercalciuria leads to osmotic diuresis and dehydration, renal stones and nephrocalcinosis that also contribute to tubulointerstitial inflammation; and chronic-elevated PTH has been found to promote atherosclerosis in glomerular endothelium and inflammation in proximal tubular cells [12]. However, conflicting results exist.