CD8A and melanoma: Zhu et al. (2021) found that the intratumoral microbiome in melanoma modulates chemokine levels and CD8+ T cell infiltration, thereby affecting patient survival, providing evidence for microbiome dysbiosis driving immune imbalance. Subtype analysis revealed low CMS was enriched in CMS1 (immune-rich) and high-CMS in CMS4 (mesenchymal) subtypes (p < 0.05), indicating subtype-specific microbiome-metabolic-immune interplay.