KL and diabetic retinopathy: For example, in a diabetic nephropathy model, Klotho reduced podocyte apoptosis by activating Nrf2 signaling; in diabetic retinopathy, Klotho can alleviate oxidative stress and inflammatory damage; in the cardiovascular system, Klotho exerts cardiovascular protection by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and Wnt/β-catenin pathway (21–23).