INS and Hypoglycemia: Across the 30 studies, orexin emerges as a central-peripheral integrator of glucose homeostasis, executing dual, context-dependent roles: mobilizing glucose during energy deficit (via hypoglycemia-activated arousal, feeding, and sympathetic EGP) and enhancing insulin sensitivity during excess (through β-cell support, hepatic rhythmicity, adipose glucose uptake, and vascular protection).