The shorter ncVNTR has been associated with reduced IL4 expression and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis (Kulpraneet et al. 2019), whereas the longer allele enhances IL4 transcription and promotes a Th2-skewed autoimmune response, advantageous in parasite-rich environments (Gyan et al. 2004; Jha et al. 2012). The gene discussed is IL4; the disease is tuberculosis.