In addition, compared to the Control group, the expression levels of ER and AR in the endometrium of PCOS rats were significantly elevated, indicating that the PCOS phenotype could affect hormone expression in the endometrium (Fig. 3 and Supplementary Fig. 3, ER, MD = − 1316, p = 0.0002, AR, MD = − 1672, p < 0.0001; ER, MD = − 0.6838, p < 0.0001, AR, MD = − 0.9317, p < 0.0001). The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.