Caspase-1 knockout mice with pristane-induced lupus showed an ameliorated disease.31 32 The development of pralnacasan, a selective oral caspase-1 inhibitor, was evaluated to target inflammasome-driven pathologies in various autoimmune diseases and demonstrated its efficacy in reducing IL-1β and IL-18 maturation and attenuating inflammation in various murine models.33, 36 A phase II trial with rheumatoid arthritis patients was discontinued after a long-term animal toxicology study revealed liver abnormalities at high doses.34 This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and rheumatoid arthritis.