When analyzing the transcriptional phenotypes of CD8+ T cells in these two melanomas, we found that CD8+ T cells in Patient 7, who had benefit of ICB therapy, had expression of checkpoint molecules such as PD1, LAG3, TIM3, and TIGIT, while CD8+ T cells from Patient 13 completely lacked expression of such checkpoint/activation molecules (P = 0.0007, Fig. 4f). Here, CD8A is linked to melanoma.