VTN and age-related macular degeneration: In the early stages of AMD, inflammatory cells accumulate in the choroid and complement proteins accumulate in subretinal deposits, and, in the more advanced neovascular stage of AMD, choroidal neovascular tufts are associated with inflammatory cells (Kauppinen et al., 2016; Armento et al., 2021; Heloterä and Kaarniranta, 2022).