Such associations are susceptible to confounding by shared risk factors (e.g., obesity, hypertension, and glycemic control) and the potential for reverse causality, in which impaired kidney function itself might alter lipid metabolism.[11,12] Consequently, the precise causal role of individual lipid fractions and their associated apolipoproteins in initiating or promoting kidney tubular injury, as reflected by KIM-1 levels, remains largely unknown. The gene discussed is HAVCR1; the disease is hypertensive disorder.