PRKN and neurodegenerative disease: Additionally, we identified two distinct axes of pleiotropic effects between T1R and neurodegenerative disease linked genes: one axis of shared risk factors via PRKN, PINK1, ADORA1, and TBK1 involved in mitochondrial homeostasis, cellular stress, and host response to intracellular bacteria, and a second axis of antagonistic pleiotropy via LRRK2 and GAK.