We identified two distinct axes of pleiotropic effects between leprosy T1R and PD: one involving LRRK2 and GAK, and another comprising the PRKN and PINK1. LRRK2 and GAK are associated with both sporadic and familial forms of late-onset PD (LOPD; Fig. 3) (8). This evidence concerns the gene LRRK2 and Parkinson disease.