Currently, DC-tumor cell fusion vaccines and tumor small extracellular vesicle-based DC vaccines have achieved significant breakthroughs in cancer immunotherapy, and the lentiviral construct SmartDC, which expresses IL-4, TRP2 (a melanoma antigen), and GM-CSF, has also demonstrated promise in this field [15, 130, 138]. This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and neoplasm.