HP and infection: In Wuhai, the substantial burden of central obesity (50.0%) may be related to lifestyle and metabolic patterns common in colder climates, such as reduced outdoor physical activity and greater consumption of energy-dense foods; the predominance of small private enterprises and relatively lower economic levels may further limit employee welfare and health awareness, contributing to low screening rates for infection markers (37.5% for HBsAg and 24.6% for HP).