Univariate analysis identified two clinical and ten radiologic characteristics significantly associated with VETC status, including viral hepatitis, AFP, tumor size, enhancement patterns, washout appearance, capsule appearance, necrosis, intratumor artery, delayed enhancement, satellite nodules, intratumor hemorrhage, and LI-RADS (p < 0.05; Tables 1, 2). Here, AFP is linked to viral hepatitis.