INS and Insulin resistance: No significant differences were found between groups in terms of age, sex, BMI, or metabolic and insulin markers (FBG, 1hPG, 2hPG, HbAlc, FINS, 1-h insulin, 2-h insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for glucose and insulin).