This network meta-analysis (NMA) compared the performance of 13 biomarkers to identify optimal predictors.<h4>Methods</h4>We searched PubMed, OVID, Embase, Cochrane Trials, Web of Science, and trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO ICTRP) from inception to 1 September 2025, for a comprehensive NMA evaluating 13 biomarkers (circulating tumor DNA [ctDNA], programmed cell death ligand 1 [PD-L1; at varying thresholds], tumor mutational burden [TMB], et al.). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.