While age-matched non-transgenic littermates (nTg) served as controls for non-diseased aging, the AD transgenic Fischer-344 rats (TgF344-AD; “TgAD”) is well suited for resilience studies because it shows substantial amyloid burden, tau pathology, and cognitive decline corresponding to early symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease, and offers greater translational relevance than most transgenic AD mouse models 35,36. This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and Alzheimer disease.