Altogether, the findings support a complex antitumor mechanismfor the CGNP+OXA+CSNP+RA system, involving enhanced cellular uptake,apoptotic induction, COX-2 suppression, and oxidative stress exacerbation.Future research should focus on biodistribution analysis, drug releaseprofiling, and in-depth evaluation of tumor penetration to furtheroptimize this nanoplatform. This evidence concerns the gene PTGS2 and neoplasm.