In individuals with T2DM, enhanced activation of the inflammasome complex is evidenced by elevated expression of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), concomitant with increased circulating concentrations of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 (18). This evidence concerns the gene IL18 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.