The expressions of UBE2S, HIF‐1α, and FOXM1 in ESCC, HIN, LIN, and healthy esophageal mucosa were different, suggesting that UBE2S, HIF‐1α, and FOXM1 may be related to the development of ESCC. The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.