The present investigation was aimed to examine ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S), hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐1α, and factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) levels in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal low‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LIN), high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HIN). This evidence concerns the gene UBE2S and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.