ACE and chronic kidney disease: Baseline characteristics (Table 1) showed no significant intergroup differences in demographics (sex), comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and hyperlipidemia), pharmacotherapy (warfarin, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, stains, and clopidogrel), or liver function markers (ALT, AST, albumin/globulin (A: G) ratio, and total protein).