CLDN3 and psoriasis: Concurrently, to fully understand the potential of gut microbiome-based therapies in psoriasis, future studies should enroll psoriasis patient subgroups exhibiting specific dysbiosis phenotypes (e.g., marked reduction in Akkermansia, increased Firmicutes/ Bacteroides ratio) and systematically monitor pre- and post-intervention dynamics in their microbiota composition, metabolites (e.g., SCFAs, LPS), and intestinal barrier integrity markers (e.g., Claudin-3, I-FABP).