GLP1R and atrial fibrillation: Nonetheless, GLP-1 receptor agonists, including those with dual GIP activity, consistently produce modest increases in resting heart rate, which may reflect autonomic activation and effects on the sinoatrial node [10-12].AF results from a multifaceted interaction of atrial structural remodeling, fibrosis, inflammation, autonomic dysregulation, and metabolic stress [13].