In a study of 64 patients with MDD, Kaurani et al. [112] observed significant downregulation of miR-223-3p in electroconvulsive therapy responders, with miR-223-3p expression positively correlating with proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α). This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and major depressive disorder.