CXCL9 and viral pneumonia: CXCL9 and CXCL10 are chemokines that have been widely implicated in pulmonary pathology, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), other interstitial lung diseases (ILD), as well as pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and also viral pneumonias, linked to COVID-19-associated ARDS (76–79).