HLA-DRB1 and autoimmune disease: In this context, the ancestral HLA-II haplotypes DR2-DQ6, DR4-DQ8 and DR3-DQ2 (corresponding, respectively, to HLA-DRB1*15:01-DQA1*01:02-DQB1*06:02, HLA-DRB1*04:01-DQA1*03:01-DQB1*03:02 and HLA-DRB1*03:01-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01) stand out for their evolutionary capacity to confront lethal pathogens, but also for their association with autoimmune diseases (1, 2, 17–20).