More recently, the advent of scRNA-seq has enabled a deeper understanding of CAF heterogeneity across a wide range of tumor types, leading to the identification of a variety of biomarker genes defining different potential subpopulations of CAFs such as αSMA, FAP (encoded by FAP), decorin (encoded by DCN) and/or podoplanin (encoded by PDPN) (69). Here, PDPN is linked to neoplasm.