PTPN11 and neoplasm: Interestingly, SHP2 phosphatase, with different mechanisms, functions as an oncogene in many other tumor types (Hakak et al., 2000; Agazie et al., 2003; Marotta et al., 2025) and several pharmacologic inhibitors are already available in clinical practice (Ahmed et al., 2019; Drilon et al., 2023; Marotta et al., 2025).