Notably, recent studies highlight the role of circRNA–RBP interactions in lung cancer immunosuppression: for instance, circEPSTI1 binds to the RBP HuR to stabilize PD-L1 mRNA, thereby enhancing PD-L1 expression on NSCLC cells and promoting immune evasion (Khan et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.