It is important to note that regulation of CRL4ACRBN E3 ligase activity is highly complex, and how atherosclerosis-related stimuli mediate the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation of CUL4A, DDB1, and CRBN, as well as whether additional mechanisms regulate the activity of the CRL4ACRBN complex, remains to be fully elucidated. Here, DDB1 is linked to atherosclerosis.