PIK3CA and cancer: The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway regulates tumorigenic ECM remodeling by enhancing ECM protein synthesis, activating fibroblasts, stimulating ECM-degrading enzymes, and modulating integrin-mediated adhesion, processes that may contribute to cancer therapy resistance (Klabukov et al., 2024; Shamsan et al., 2024; Li et al., 2025a).