BCR and chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive: Recent reviews highlight that CML-derived EVs shuttle not only miRNAs but also long non-coding RNAs, cytokines, and even BCR-ABL1 mRNA, thereby propagating pro-survival signals and transferring drug resistance to bystander cells (Bernardi et al., 2023; Zheng, Wang & Ge, 2025).