We examined whether the initiation of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) was associated with incident dementia compared with DPP4 inhibitors (DPP4is) and SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in older adults with T2D.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>We conducted a retrospective cohort study emulating a target trial using electronic health records from the University of Pennsylvania Health System (2019-2024), with external validation in the TriNetX U.S. Collaborative Network. The gene discussed is GLP1R; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.