CD4 and malaria: In the malaria immune regulatory network, CD4+ T cells and macrophages constitute key roles: IFN-γ secreted by Th1 cells plays a central role in controlling acute infection (Inoue et al., 2013; Gbedande et al., 2020), while macrophages eliminate Plasmodium through phagocytic killing mechanisms (Borges da Silva et al., 2015; Dobbs et al., 2020; Kumar et al., 2020).