CDKAL1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In this study, we focused on ten well-established T2D-associated genes—CDKAL1, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, HHEX, KCNQ1, MTNR1B, PAX4, SLC30A8, TCF7L2, and UBE2E2—that have been repeatedly implicated in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) across diverse populations9–11.