Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) or programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), have been developed as the potent and feasible therapeutic strategies and improved survival outcomes in many other cancer types, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.