The results showed that higher proportion of tumor cells exhibiting a pSMAD2/3 staining intensity of 1+ was associated with improved PFS (hazard ratio, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.77–0.99]; p = 0.028; Supplementary Table S7), providing clinical evidence that SHR-1701 effectively engages the TGF-β pathway. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.