The ketogenic diet also affects the immunotherapeutic effects of cancer, with 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) preventing the up-regulation of immune checkpoint blocking of PD-L1 on myeloid cells in mouse models of melanoma, kidney cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer, while favoring the expansion of CXCR3 + T cells, thereby enhancing the anti-cancer effects of PD-1 blocking [246]. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and cancer.