HYAL1 and neoplasm: Recent investigations have further elucidated HYAL1′s complex roles across different cancers: in thyroid tumors, alterations in HYAL1 methylation status and expression levels show promise as novel biomarkers for distinguishing malignant from benign nodules; in melanoma, fibroblast-derived matrices treated with HYAL1 or low-molecular-weight HA-functionalized 3D collagen matrices concentration-dependently promoted tumor cell proliferation and invasion; whereas in ovarian cancer, HYAL1 expression was significantly downregulated in tumor tissues compared to normal controls [[59], [60], [61]].