Unlike hindlimbs from CD9-CD38/αCD3-αEGFR Exo-treated mice with weak or undetectable fluorescence intensities at 48–168 h after exosome injections, left hindlimbs with tumors for mice receiving BP-αCD3-αEGFR-ARC Exos showed prolonged fluorescent signals through 168 h, higher than those of tumor-free right hindlimbs from the same animals (Supplementary Fig. 7b). Here, ARC is linked to neoplasm.