TLR4 and rheumatoid arthritis: Furthermore, in vitro studies in murine J774A-1 cells showed that thiseffect is due to the inhibition of NLPR3 inflammasome activation,via TLR4/p65 pathway inactivation. Ina recent study, MF was coadministered with cinnamic acid to treatrheumatoid arthritis (RA) in rats, and it decreased RA symptoms severityvia TLR4/PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling inhibition, leading to a suppressionof NLRP3 inflammasome activity, downregulation of IL-1β andCaspase3 release, and modulation of GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis.