Chronic inflammationin inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn’s disease, ulcerativecolitis), atherosclerosis,−,  diabetes, ocular diseases, autoimmune syndromes such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are generatedby TLR4 (over)­stimulation by DAMPs.,−, , , , , , , , ,  In the same way, excessive TLR4 activation by DAMPs is also keyto neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’sdisease (AD),,, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS),, or Parkinson’sdisease (PD).,, The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.