TLR4 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: For example, synthetic FPcompounds were effective in blocking lethality linked to acute respiratorydistress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI) in viral airwayinfections.−, , , , ,  Natural small molecule 6-shogaol treatment prevented articular cartilagelesions, synovitis, and the presence of proinflammatory mediatorsand disease markers in osteoarthritis animals by TLR4 inhibition. Ferulic acid, another natural small molecule,proved to be able to protect mice from LPS-induced acute kidney injuries.